Molecular Formula and Simplest Formula Example Problem

The molecular formula of a compound lists all the elements and the number of atoms of each element  that actually make up the compound. The simplest formula is similar where elements are all listed, but the numbers correspond to the ratios between the elements.  This worked example problem demonstrates how to use the simplest formula of a compound and its molecular mass to find the molecular formula. Molecular Formula from Simplest Formula Problem The simplest formula for vitamin C is C3H4O3. Experimental data indicates that the molecular mass of vitamin C is about 180. What is the molecular formula of vitamin C?SolutionFirst, calculate the sum of the atomic masses for C3H4O3. Look up the atomic masses for the elements from the Periodic Table. The atomic masses are found to be:H is 1.01C is 12.01O is 16.00Plugging in these numbers, the sum of the atomic masses for C3H4O3 is:3(12.0) 4(1.0) 3(16.0) 88.0This means the formula mass of vitamin C is 88.0. Compare the formula mass (88.0) to the approximate molecular mass (180). The molecular mass is twice the formula mass (180/88 2.0), so the simplest formula must be multiplied by 2 to get the molecular formula:molecular formula vitamin C 2 x C3H4O3 C6H8O6AnswerC6H8O6 Tips for Working Problems An approximate molecular mass is usually sufficient to determine the formula mass, but the calculations tend not to work out even as in this example. You are looking for the closest whole number to multiply by the formula mass to get the molecular mass. If you see that the ratio between formula mass and molecular mass is 2.5, you might be looking at a ratio of 2 or 3, but its more likely youll need to multiply the formula mass by 5. Theres often some trial and error in getting the correct answer. Its a good idea to check your answer by doing the math (sometimes more than one way) to see which value is closest. If youre using experimental data, there will be some error in your molecular mass calculation. Usually compounds assigned in a lab setting will have ratios of 2 or 3, not high numbers like 5, 6, 8, or 10 (although these values are also possible, especially in a college lab or real world setting). Its worth pointing out, while chemistry problems are worked using molecular and simplest formulas, real compounds dont always follow the rules. Atoms may share electrons such that ratios of 1.5 (for example) occur. However, use whole number ratios for chemistry homework problems! Determining the Molecular Formula From Simplest Formula Formula ProblemThe simplest formula for butane is C2H5  and its molecular mass is about 60. What is the  molecular formula  of butane?SolutionFirst, calculate the sum of the atomic masses for C2H5. Look up the  atomic masses  for the elements from the  Periodic Table. The atomic masses are found to be:H is 1.01C is 12.01Plugging in these numbers, the sum of the atomic masses for C2H5  is:2(12.0) 5(1.0) 29.0This means the formula mass of butane is 29.0. Compare the formula mass (29.0) to the approximate  molecular mass  (60). The molecular mass is  essentially  twice  the formula mass  (60/29 2.1),  so the simplest formula  must be multiplied by 2 to get the molecular formula:molecular formula of butane 2 x C2H5   C4H10AnswerThe molecular formula for butane is C4H10.

American History Bloodiest Battle of the Civil War in...

South Carolina was an important key player during the Civil War. South Carolina had major military and political importance throughout the Civil War. South Carolina was the battleground of many significant events during this time. Such as the capture of Port Royal, the Union blockade of Charleston, Shermans march through the state, the burning of Columbia, and Fort Sumter. South Carolina had many important battles fought on its territory, Fort Sumter. Fort Sumter is an island in the Charleston Harbor, its main purpose for being built was to protect the harbor. The Confederacy felt like the Charleston harbor would be a key port in this area. When the first shots were fired, at Fort Sumter, by the Confederate soldiers this began one of†¦show more content†¦His crew guarded the coast not letting any cargo ships pass into the harbor. Teach went to the Charleston people and asked if he could us there medicine to heal his crew, they refused. He knew Charleston was very big port ci ty, and he and his crew invaded all coming cargo ships. All the crew from the cargo ships were held hostage by Teach and his crew, until the Charleston people agreed to give them the medicine they needed. The people of Charleston would not give into Teachs demands until he threatened that he would kill the hostages. The people then gave in and gave Teach and his crew the medicine and supplies they needed. After Teach had given his troops the medicine the needed they left the harbor and retreated from the coast. William Tecumseh Sherman was the general of the Union troops in 1864. Shermans march through South Carolina began in January of 1865. He was the leader of an unforgettable march through the southern states. The march was called the march of the sea it was across Georgia to Savannah and then they moved upward into South Carolina. He and his troops traveled up the coast through the Carolinas stealing, food and livestock on a 100 miles worth of land, and when the people would fi ght back Sherman’s troops would burn the homes or other buildings. Sherman led his march all through these states leaving nothing but destruction and left the Confederacy in despair over there destroyed towns. The march left a lastingShow MoreRelatedAbraham Lincoln And The Civil War1283 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Civil War was the bloodiest war in American history, and the impact was felt on many levels. Various estimates put the deaths during the Civil War at between 600,000 and 700,000. The last figure is the result of better research of existing death records and casualty lists (Isenhour). In order to understand the complexity of the Civil War, one must understand Abraham Lincoln. Abraham Lincoln was elected in 1860 (History 1). He was elected as the 16th president (History 1). AfterRead MoreThe Civil War Of The United States Essay1054 Words   |  5 Pages The American civil war, also known as â€Å"The War Between the States†, is considered to be one of the bloodiest wars in America, lasting from 1861-1865. The civil war was a war that was fought between the northern states, also know as the â€Å"Union states† and the southern states, also known as the confederacy states. The northern states were more industrialized and the southern states had more of a agrarian economy, this is what lead to the northern and southern states to have different social, culturalRead MoreThe Battle Of Antietam ( Sears )984 Words   |  4 Pagesconceivable to the uninitiated† wrote a Union officer during the battle of Antietam (Sears). The battle of Antietam was just one of the many battles of the American Civil War, and possibly the most significant. This battle was a pivotal point during the war, which gave the North the power to win the American Civil War. There are three main reasons why there was a civil war in the United States. One well known reason was slavery. The South wanted to continue adding slaves to new states, while the NorthRead MoreWhy was the civil war so long and so bloody?1555 Words   |  7 PagesWhy was the civil war so long and so bloody? In 1860 the average American believed that they were living the happiest and luckiest a person could be. They were generally living better than their fathers, and looked forward to their children prospering more than themselves. However, at the time America had developed into two very different societies between the North and the South. These changing societies were beginning to adjust to the start of the industrial revolution in separate ways. InRead MoreThe Confederate Flag : Controversy Or Logical Solution?1717 Words   |  7 PagesConfederacy are parts of many state flags in the South and it is even flown at several state buildings throughout the South. To some the Confederate flag is a historical symbol and is believed to be a way of remembering the Civil War that almost tore the nation in two, but to others it represents fear and hatred due to its use by racial hate groups such as the Ku Klux Klan and it symbolizes the slave-holding South that existed prior to the Civil War. Such a controversial symbol should not be flownRead MoreThe Battle of Fort Sumter Essay1497 Words   |  6 Pageswill inaugurate a civil war greater than any the world has yet seen†¦you will lose us every friend at the North. You will wantonly strike a hornet’s nest which extends from mountains to ocean. Legions now quiet will swarm out and string us to death. It is unnecessary. It put us in the wrong. It is fatal. –Robert Too mbs. (Boerner paragraph 2). The Civil War impacted the course of history forever. But it had to start somewhere and the Battle of Fort Sumter marked the start. The Battle of Fort Sumter hadRead MoreCCGPS (Georgia) High School World History Unit 4 Study Guide1384 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿1. Sarah and Angelina Grimke grew up in South Carolina on a slave plantation, and as they got older rejected the southern lifestyle and moved up north to advocate for the abolitionist movement and women’s rights. 2. The Nullification Crisis occurred in 1828 after The Tariff of Abominations put a tariff on imported goods; South Carolina threatened to secede from the Union. The tariff benefited the north but hurt the south. 3. The nullification crisis of 1832 was resolved by a proclamation fromRead MoreEssay about The American Civil War876 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States has been involved in many wars throughout history. Americans have fought and died in many wars such as the war for independence in World War I to Desert Storm. One of the bloodiest wars in our nation’s history is without a doubt is the Civil War. Prior to the beginning of the Civil War, the country was divided by the issue of slavery. When President Lincoln was elected to office, several states seceded from the Union. During this war, â€Å"Over six hundred thousand men died, and hundredsRead MoreThe Civil War And American History2238 Words   |  9 PagesRachel Lee Professor Salazar History 141 4 December 2014 The Civil War The Civil War is a war that happens within a country and in this case, the Civil War took place in the United States between the North and the South. The Civil War happened between the North and the South for various reasons. Both sides expected a short war with few casualties, and instead a little over 1 million soldiers died in the Civil War. After the war was over, the war left a huge impact on the modern world through theRead MoreThe Image Of John Brown Essay1069 Words   |  5 PagesBrowns efforts, and the raid on Harpers Ferry to have raised tensions in America. Not even a year later the South would secede from the Union, which would lead to the civil war. This pamphlet not only tells the story of John Brown, who was involved in some of the bloodiest attacks against anti-slavery forces. The man who was not only at the Pottawatomie massacre but also involved in the Border War, or as it is more commonly known Bleeding Kansas. But this pamphlet tells the tale of changing ideas in

Understanding Marriage and Families across Time and Place free essay sample

Family the cell (small social group) of society, the most important form of organization of personal life, based on a conjugal union and kinship ties, i.e. relations between husband and wife, parents and children, brothers and sisters, and other relatives living together and leading a common economy on the basis of a single family budget. Family life is characterized by material and spiritual processes. Through the family, generations of people change, in it a person is born, through which the family continues family, its forms and functions directly depend on social relations in general, and also on the level of cultural development of society. Naturally, the higher the culture of society, hence the higher the culture of the family. The family as the primary cell is the educational cradle of humanity. The family mainly brings up children. In the family, the child receives the first labor skills. He develops the ability to appreciate and respect the work of people, where he acquires the experience of caring for parents, relatives, and friends, learns reasonable consumption of various material goods, accumulates experience of communication with money. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Marriage and Families across Time and Place or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The best example is the example of parents. In most cases, children are the reflection of parents. The role of the family in society is incomparable in its power with no other social institutions, since it is in the family that the personality of a person is formed and develops, the social roles necessary for the childs painless adaptation in society are mastered. The family acts as the first educational institution, the connection with which a person feels throughout his life. Statistics show that the transition to a market-based management system had a very painful effect on the familys status as a social institution. Demographers record a catastrophic fall in the birth rate, sociologists note an increase in the number of antisocial families and predict a decline in the standard of living, a decline in the moral foundations of family upbringing. In all ages, the family has felt the need to receive support in the upbringing of their children. History shows that when people lived in large families, the necessary knowledge and skills of the family life of family life were transmitted from generation to generation naturally and every day. In a modern industrial society, when family ties between generations are violated, the transfer of the necessary knowledge about the formation of a family and the upbringing of children becomes one of the most important concerns of society.

Project Schedule and Budget

Admittedly, the modern competitive world makes companies reduce budgets. Companies have to develop products in less time using fewer resources (Project Management Institute, 2011). Different companies address these problems differently.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Project Schedule and Budget specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Agere Systems made several successful decisions that enabled the company reduce budgets significantly (Marchewka, 2009). One of these decisions was to involve the business units. Thus, Agere managed to obtain comprehensive information from various departments which enabled them to prioritize projects. This, in its turn, led to proper allocation of resources both financial and human resources. It is important to note that the tools used to develop proper plans could not meet an important requirement. The tools could not prioritize projects, which was extremely important in terms of budget t ightening. Executives could not make proper decisions as they did not see the complete picture. However, involvement of business units enabled the executives to obtain the necessary information. Such integration also enabled unites to share responsibilities concerning IT portfolio. This positively affected project management in the company. Business unites could provide comprehensive information on on-going projects. Every project could be analyzed in terms of its efficiency and cost. Basically, this information is enough when prioritizing projects. It is important to note that involvement of business units was also an effective strategy as these units could be more precise when developing their projects. Thus, every unit tried to make projects efficient. Every project was also analyzed in terms of its â€Å"fitness† to the company’s objectives. This precision contributed greatly to the quality of project management in the company. Many researchers claim that using a p roject management software tool is beneficial in many cases (Marchewka, 2009; Project Management Institute, 2011; Schwalbe, 2010; Wysocki, 2011). Such tools can help project managers develop a thorough plan on the basis of some information. Admittedly, these tools save a lot of time as project managers should simply key in certain information.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, when it comes to some project which is not crucial for the company or the projects which do not involve many stages, project management software tools are irreplaceable (Schwalbe, 2010). These tools can help project managers to create a proper plan in a short period of time. It is also important to note that this can help project managers to focus on more important projects. However, when it comes to more difficult projects, i.e. projects which require analysis of considerable amount of data and pr ioritizing, project management software tools cannot be enough. Thus, Wysocki (2011) claims that it can be more effective to use more conventional tools like discussions or even moving â€Å"sticky notes across a whiteboard† (p. 154). In fact, when tackling voluminous projects, it can be effective to combine the two types of project management tools (software and manual). It is also important to note that project managers should be really precise when using software tools. For instance, Schwalbe (2010) provides several examples when project managers made mistakes which led to poor projects. It is essential to key in all the necessary data and to reveal ties between different stages and minor projects (Schwalbe, 2010). It is also necessary to check on the plan provided. It can be effective to launch some sort of discussion involving executives, units’ representatives, and project management specialists. Thus, it is important to choose the most appropriate strategies and tools when developing important projects. Reference List Marchewka, J.T. (2009). Information technology project management. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Project Management Institute. (2011). A guide to the project management body of knowledge. Newtown Square, PA: Project Management Institute. Schwalbe, K. (2010). A guide to the project management body of knowledge. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Project Schedule and Budget specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Wysocki, R.K. (2011). Effective project management: Traditional, agile, extreme. Indianapolis, IN: John Wiley Sons. This essay on Project Schedule and Budget was written and submitted by user Charlie Holder to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

5 Questions to Consider When Writing for Children

5 Questions to Consider When Writing for Children 5 Questions to Consider When Writing for Children 5 Questions to Consider When Writing for Children By Mark Nichol â€Å"I want to write a book for children† gets you about as far as saying, â€Å"I want to write fiction† or â€Å"I want to write nonfiction.† It’s a start, but only that. There are many forms and genres and age groups to consider, and though you can certainly move fluidly among them, what you’re going to write right now needs more focus. As you develop your ideas for a children’s book, be sure to answer these questions: 1. What do you want to write about? Is your book going to be autobiographical or semiautobiographical? Is it about a natural phenomenon, or a historical event, or a social issue? It is about a cultural or artistic topic? Write a sentence no longer than any of the ones in this paragraph that summarizes what the book is about. Or step back even further and try a tagline like the snappy phrase on a movie poster or a book’s back cover that encapsulates the theme. (The tagline for one story I’ve been working on is simply â€Å"Believe.† Another theme is â€Å"Friends don’t hesitate.†) 2. What form will the story take? Is the book nonfiction, explaining a scientific concept or exploring an issue from the past or present? Or is it going to be a fictional account of a scientific discovery or a story that takes place during a significant historical event or cultural movement? Either form may serve the subject matter well, but you must decide which one this project will take before you develop the narrative. 3. What’s the target demographic? â€Å"Children’s books† is a huge category. Are you writing for beginning readers, elementary school students, preteens, or adolescents? Will children of one gender or another be more likely to read your book? Is it directed toward a certain ethnic group (but written in such a way that others don’t feel excluded)? Research reading levels and match your book’s vocabulary to the intended age range. Decide who the ideal reader is, and check your work frequently to make sure you’re focusing on that child. If you repeatedly veer off, don’t try to force yourself to get back on target when it’s obviously not the right fit. Change the target. 4. What’s my word count? For very young children, picture books (generally 28 pages in a 32-page book with up to a few sentences on each page) are the norm. You should be able to tell your story or account in as little as a few dozen words for preschoolers to up to several hundred for seven- or eight-year-olds. Chapter books novels for readers this age or slightly older, might have up to a thousand words or so. Preteens can handle up to 40,000 words or so, and young teenagers about twice that; books for older adolescents, like those for adults, are often 100,000 words or more. 5. How do I want readers to feel? Basically, comfort young readers, and challenge older ones. For preadolescents of any age, nonfiction should not frighten children with stark facts about environmental crisis, for example, and fiction should not expose them to unhappy or uncomfortable circumstances. The violence and turmoil of the kind found in fairy tales and myths is acceptable, but real-life mayhem is off limits. Teenagers, on the other hand, are coming to grips with reality and can more or less handle more adult-themed materials as long as it’s not explicit or bleak. Psychological issues, familial and societal friction, and other mature themes are appropriate when handled evenhandedly. Even books for adolescents, however, should have upbeat conclusions. (Comeuppance for villains or reprobates is fine, but sympathetic characters, while they should be given obstacles and ordeals to overcome and can experience physical and psychological pain, should emerge from the story intact.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Homograph ExamplesAwoken or Awakened?Adverbs and Hyphens

buy custom Media Law essay

buy custom Media Law essay The purpose of this study is to examine the concept of privacy law as it applies to the field of journalism in UK. This study will focus on recent case studies in UK with an aim of demonstrating how the law relating to privacy affects the work of journalists. Privacy is a situation in which persons confidential information disclosed in a private place is not brought into public because, it can cause either emotional distress or embarrassment to the latter. The right of privacy mainly applies to those people in a place that somebody expects to be private. Example of private places includes hotel rooms, home and telephone booths among others. The privacy law can be applied in situations whereby, a person believes that the massage he or she ought to deriver is private and that it can only be heard by those acting in the presence of law. UK enacted privacy law on 2 October 2000. Several courts in UK enforced the privacy law after several incidents reported by various citizens, initially, the law was referred to as Data protection Act DPA and established purposely to ensure that both private and government agencies use personal data for specific and legitimate aims only. It also allowed people access to their confidential information, provide enough security for personal information, and to hinder the transfer of personal information to destinations lacking data protection laws. As we all know, that journalism is quite a sensitive field of work with regard to privacy law. Media acts as a tool for creating awareness to the public. In most case media focus on most sensitive incidents such as child abuse and neglect among others (Kenyon 2006. P. 14). Placing information in media such as radio and TVs calls for thorough scrutiny about the sources of information, this is to say that, journalists who are the key participants in media face challenges based on the provision of testimonies. In many cases, journalists must testify their sources of information. If it happens that the sources of information may not attributed to the public interest or dviates the law, journalists face charges from the privacy commissioners. Such commissioners do not rely on a complaint because they can carry out an investigation role to determine the level of quilt. The privacy commissioners have the right to decide the amount of money to be paid to the complaint as compensation. The other challenge facing journalists is that privacy law does not limit the amount to be paid. In the process of publicizing personal data or information, journalists should concentrate on useful and reliable information from government sources. In the provided case study, it is true that Jimmy sunshine who was a TV presenter had tempered with Dots privacy. The privacy law states that there is no person supposed to publicize other personal data without their consent. I think Dot should not have consulted Jimmy Sunshine before proceeding to the court because this could not have changed her image in the public. The best thing that Dot could have done is to sue Jimmy sunshine because by so doing that, other presenters will learn how to observe privacy law (Hendrickx, 2003. P. 45) Copyright is among other areas that tend to impose restrictions on the work of journalists. Privacy law tends to protect photography through copyright and moral rights. Private Law restricts Journalists through copyright not to publish certain photographs unless permitted by the authority. In UK, individuals have the right restricting journalists from publicizing photographs with information that should not be disclosed to the public. If the journalists have to take such photos, they should produce permit from the authority because privacy law through copyright safeguard people privacy. Below is an example of two case studies in which privacy law through copyright imposes a restriction on journalists work. Case study 1 in UK: woman in a swimming pool. Dorothy, a 24 years old woman, and a civil servant lives with her two children. In a servant quarter where she lives, there was a swimming pool sharred by all the residents living in within the servant quarters. As Dorothy was swimming one afternoon, a journalist came and captured some photos without the Dorothys consents. The following day Dorothy got shocked to find her photo in the newspaper. In the photo, Dorothy was half way naked, something that irritated her. She talked the matter with her law Daniel who later sued the journalists against privacy. After the hearing, by the privacy commissioners, the commissioner found the journalist guilty and the commissioner ordered the journalist to compensate Dorothy for interfering with her privacy (Bar et.al 2004. P. 67). Case study 2: Esther Edward aged 27 years old and a mother of two was a single woman who was living in community housing. Her landlord Eliud Colin gave her an eviction notice that did not give reason for eviction. The eviction notice did not allow her to address the concern of the landlord. They arrived at an alternative agreement after her lawyer used Victorian Charted to negotiate with Eliud Colin the landlord. Afterwards, Bruno a journalist came and took some photos of Esther and her house. Late that day Esther learnt that the photos taken by the journalist were placed in press against her consent. Later on her lawyer filed a case against the journalist concerning the disclosure of Esthers personal data. The journalist was found quilt by the privacy commissioner, and the commissioner ordered him to pay Esther $10 for compensation. This is to mean that privacy law through copyright imposed restrictions on the work of the journalist, (Great Britain, House of Commons, Parliament, Media and sport c ommittee, 2010. P. 135). Conclusion The above two case studies analyses the rights of privacy to all categories of individuals in UK. The two show how government agencies and private agencies ensure that personal data is made private. Violation of the privacy law is an offence and that a disciplinary action should be taken to all offenders being either journalist or not. Buy custom Media Law essay

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

Business Law - Essay Example this instance, the concept of unilateral and mutual mistakes under the Restatement (Second) of Contracts can be made use of by both the buyer and the seller. It is evident that, either both the parties made a mistake with regard to the value of the rock, or one of them (the owner through his inexperienced clerk) had made one. It is not clear in this instance whether the geologist had intentionally withheld his understanding of the rock’s value. But since the person (geologist) handed over the rock to experts for valuation, he may not be an expert and it can be assumed that it is a case of mutual mistakes. As per the Restatement (Second) of Contracts, â€Å"Where a mistake of both parties at the time of contract was made as to a basic assumption on which the contract was made has a material effect on the agreed exchange of performances, the contract is voidable by the adversely affected party unless he bears the risk of the mistake under the rule stated in 154† (Ayers, n .d.). It cannot be done in case of unilateral mistake. If it can be proved by the store owner that the geologist also made a mistake in assessing the value, he can make the contract voidable. But the geologist can take recourse to Section 154 mentioned above. Applying clause (b) of the section, the store owner had only limited knowledge about the stone and gave it to the geologist in the premise that he will have fairly good knowledge because of his professional qualifications. It is difficult to prove whether a person has limited or full knowledge of a product being exchanged in a contract. The store owner showed that he had limited knowledge, but not the geologist. In this instance there is every chance that the geologist may get full legal ownership of the stone. Since an employee is an agent of the employer, it does not matter whether the deal was done by the former. The choice of using the unconscionability clause is open to the store owner, but it is doubtful whether it can ov erride the

HR Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

HR Practices - Essay Example While the behaviors outlines the HR professional’s attributes that one needs to develop and use through the work, the bands concentrate on describing the transition from one level of professional competence to another, measuring up the contributions and outcomes of the strategic steps used in each level. The map has two core areas which represent the two core professional areas of HR practices. The first one is named, ‘Insights strategies and solutions’ and is placed at the innermost core, while the second one is the outer core of the map and is named, ‘Leading HR’. ‘Insights strategies and solutions’ concentrates on enriching HR practices by providing all the tools and facts that need to be maintained in the development of a viable HR strategy, solutions to address all issues within the strategy, and insights from external and personal experiences to help reach the right combination of strategy, outcome and solutions. These include measuring up employee and customer profiles and prioritizing political, social, and technical relationships and decisions. The ‘Leading HR’ segment concentrates on qualities required to achieve excellent personal and team leading capabilities. The section also identifies the required solutions to delive r performance and add value to HR teams led and manage HR budgets. For both the core professional areas, the Performance and Rewards band can be tested out at band four. For a senior HR professional, the use of performance and rewards strategies would lead to better performance by the junior members of the HR team. The ‘Insights strategies and solutions’ and ‘Leading HR bands are well addressed by senior HR professionals when they use a performance and rewards approach in determining each step. Attracting and retaining a diverse workforce is all about giving your organization the benefit of multi-background employees who are competent enough to understand the dynamics of different markets. Three main

The Development of American Colonies Essay Example for Free

The Development of American Colonies Essay Since the discovery of the New World by European powers, the newly established European settlements on American soil varied from region to region. Two such regions were The Chesapeake and The New England regions. Although both were settled vastly by the English people the societies they formed were different. These differences were due to a few factors. The factors include motivation for migration, geography, social, political and economical structures of the settlements. These factors are what contributed to the variations seen in the societies formed by settlers of distinct regions. In the 1600s life in Great Britain was no too pleasant for certain groups of people. The farming population of England was pushed off their land by landlords who began enclosing areas for pasture of animals such as sheep needed to maintain the increasing woolen industry of England. The landless farmers swarmed into cities such as London and Bristol. The cities became overpopulated and unemployment rates soared. People were desperate for jobs. In the 1600s a system called primogeniture was practiced in England. The system ensured that all inheritance went to the oldest son in the family. Younger sons of aristocratic families were left without inheritance where eager to find prosperity of their own. Such people looking for profit decided to try their luck in the New World. The motivation of these people was mostly personal profit. For those of elite origin escaping primogeniture was also a motivation. Another motive which stimulated these courageous people was finding a better route to the Indies which a few competing European powers were also seeking. The leadership was provided by a popular monarch Queen Elizabeth, and the financing by Virginia Joint Stock Company. In 1607 a group of Englishmen set out and settled James Town which became a colony in the Chesapeake region. The first band of settlers was all males, although later shipments of people did include a small fraction of women. This trend could be seen in Document C which contains a list of passengers headed for Virginia in 1635.The passage to the New World was rough and people died in its pursuit. The geography in the Chesapeake region was different from that in England. The hot climate provided for diseases such as malaria to which the English people were not immune. These diseases  killed off many of the colonists. The soil was fertile; the woods full of game and fish was present in the ocean. Yet many of the emigrating men were gentlemen who were not accustomed to work and therefore did not know how to take advantage of these resources. Other colonists spent time searching for gold instead of focusing on survival and the starving time came into being. The colonists died in large numbers of malnutrition and starvation and disease. The colony survived due to the leadership provided by Capitan John Smith. His theory of Those who shall not work shall not eat caused some discipline within the men. As stated in Document F by Captain John Smith the colonists faced hard times. They died of cold and hunger. Captain Smith explained in the document that getting colonists to work was troublesome. Those who hunted gold got others involved and the men wasted time instead of gathering food. Capitan Smith realizing such starvation sent out a ship to summon supplies for the next year. The two councilor that were present in the colony to maintain law and order made friends with the sailors and wanted to sail back to England thus causing Smith trouble to prevent such from happening. Such unruly colonists owed a large part of their survival to Capitan Smith. He made relation with the local Indians and their leader Powhatans aided the colonists in obtaining food. When another shipment of people arrived amongst them was leader Lord de la Warr. He held a harsh military rule and made trouble with the local Indians whom the colonists raided for food. A war was started yet peace came to be when colonists by the name of John Rolfe married the Powhatan princess named Pocahontas. The economy of the colonies improved when John Rolfe perfected tobacco growing. Tobacco was a profitable crop yet it required labor and vast areas of land to grow it upon. Tobacco exhausted soil and the English were forced to press upon Indian Territory to find more land for Tobacco growing. These actions caused Indians to rebel. Another series of Anglo- Powhatans wars was launched and a large number of colonists killed including John Rolfe.  Yet the English won and the peace settlement required the Indians to be uprooted and moved away form the white settlements. These were the origins of reservation systems which later came into being. Tobacco being a profitable crop, plantation system was developed for its growth. Such plantations required labor and the use of the Headright came into being. The system included the use of people called indentured servants. Indentured servants singed contracts and volunteered their labor as slaves for a set number of years in return for passage fair to the New World provided by their master. They were further promised their freedom dues which included a small piece of land, clothing, and a few barrels of corn upon the termination of their indenture. The indentured servants were promised much yet the promises were not always kept. The land they were given was on Indian Territory and caused Indian attacks. Further the land was second rate and not much crops could be grown on such land. The indentures thus faced poverty at the end of their indenture. These conditions caused the indentures to rebel. Bacons rebellion occurred in 1653 and consisted of angry indentures rebelling against the rich land owners who were backed by Governor Berkley or the area. Ideas of the rebellion are vividly described in Document H which explains how wealth was unjustly and unevenly distributed among the landowning population leaving the others including freed indentures to poverty. Another colony in the Chesapeake region was Maryland founded by Lord Baltimore as a haven for Catholics. The economy of the colony also largely depended on the growth and exportation of tobacco and thus also needed labor The Chesapeake region which had connections to the Caribbean saw the black slavery that occurred there and adopted it for the work on plantation. African servants were easier to maintain and control with the use of the Adopted Barbados slave codes. Virginia colony set up a form of government called the House of Burgesses which was a small parliament which governed the colony. Yet the southern colonies were surrounded by enemies of other nations such as the Dutch and  the Spanish in Florida. Government was not always able to defend the colony form such invaders. As Stated in Document G where Governor Berkley explained the colonial inability to defend itself form the Dutch which whom they were forced to share the continent. These attacks of foreigners had to be curbed and controlled by Virginias government. Societies were hard to form in the Chesapeake colonies. The areas were spread out and the establishment of schools and churches was difficult. There was still a shortage of females present in the region. Thus a large number of men could not find a wife and start a family. The few unstable families reproduced slowly compared with the New England Colonies. High mortality rate of men enabled women to have power and inherit their husbands property to support themselves and their children upon becoming a widow. Such were the factors that formed the societies in the Chesapeake colonies. English puritan separatist who believed the Anglican Church was corrupt suffered much prejudice for their religious beliefs. They moved to Holland where they became increasingly aware of the Dutchification of their children, their loss of English language and customs and adoption of Dutch culture. These people wanted a place where they could freely practice their religion while remaining fully English in speech and culture and traditions. Puritans secured a charter form the Virginia Joint Stock company and were supposed to land in James town, yet they sailed off coast and landed in Plymouth. The motivation of these people included mostly religious purposes and the worry of the Dutchification of their children. They thus came in families to settle and stay. These puritans strongly believed in hard work and survival. Only one person died on their passage over. As the list of passengers bound for New England is examined in Document B a trend of women men and children coming as families could be seen. Among the religious motives of the Puritans was the idea of building a perfect holy society that would be an example to all others. Jonathan Winthrop, the founder of the Massachusetts Bay colony. Expressed his desire to build a holy city on a hill blessed by god in Document A. Geography was another factor which influenced the development of the  colonies. New England soil was rocky therefore the families did small subsistence farming in contrast to the export economy sustained in the south. The New England region had access to the ocean therefore fishing and whaling was pursued. The woody region contributed to, much of the lumber used in shipbuilding. The local Indians of the region seemed to be previously wiped out by an epidemic leaving shelters and cleared fields for European settlements. The Wampanoag tribe in the settlement helped the puritans survive by introducing corn and other to them. The colony thus celebrated their first Thanksgiving Day with the Harvest brought about in the fall. The Governmental structure of the colonies was set up before the puritans left the ship to settle New England. The Mayflower Compact was drawn on the ship and was an agreement signed by the male passengers to form a self governing body ruled by majority in the settlements which they were about to established. As could be seen in Document D the Mayflower compact was the first form of the colonies agreement toward the common goal of survival. The government later set up in the colonies was a theocracy. The church was supported by a state tax yet the clergy officials were not able to hold office. Town meetings were administered in which decisions were made by a vote of majority. An assembly called the General Court was elected by free adult puritan males. The General Court made the decisions such as tax and wage regulations in the colonies. In Document E could be examined to see how the General Court assembly controlled prices and wages. Document E is a good example how theocratic even the General Court was often referring to god to prove their point or justify a cause. Outcasts were removed by the government such as minister Roger Williams. Roger Williams was and extreme puritan separatist believed that the puritan church established in the new world further needed reform. He thought that He believed that the Indians of the region were mistreated and deserved better land. Roger Williams was expelled from Massachusetts Bay colony and went further to est. the Rhode Island colony which offered complete religious freedom, no tax supported church and sheltered outcasts such as Anne Hutchinson. Anne Hutchinson also went to defy the puritan theology  claiming that there was no predestination a belief cherished by the puritans. She was exiled and sent to the Rhode Island colony. The economy of the colonies rested largely upon shipbuilding for the British army. Production of products such as tar and rosin were valued by the English navy and were paid well for. Bostons geographical location on a seaport made it a center of trade and commerce, which was a profitable position. Colonies like Rhode Island which often half slave auctions profited from such occurrences. Fishing and export of codfish also sustained the economics of the colonies. Finally the social structure of the New England colonies was different from the southern Chesapeake colonies. The New Englanders formed towns and communities. Education was important many of the colonists had to be literate in order to read the bible. Institutions such as Harvard University were established to train young men for clergy. The families in New England were stable and fertile. They reproduced well and the population grew. As the population grew other colonies such as Connecticut Valley and New Haven colonies were added to the New England region. These colonies were similar expect for Rhode Island colony and later established Quaker Pennsylvania. The Massachusetts colonies even formed a confederation called the New England Confederation with the Connecticut colonies whose purpose was to protect the colonies and was ruled by a voting majority of representatives. In conclusion the variations in geographical, economical, social, political, and motivational factors contributed to the diverse societies formed by people of common English origin. These factors affected the largely the mentality and the way of life of the people residing in these New England and the Chesapeake regions. The differences in the aspects of society mentioned above are what gave the colonies of different regions their distinct characteristics. Bibliography: Bailey, Thomas, and David Kennedy. The American Pageant. 10th. Lexington Massachusetts: D.C. Health and company, 1994.

Blitzkrieg Essay -- essays research papers

BLITZKRIEG (LIGHTNING WAR) In the first phase of World War II in Europe, Germany sought to avoid a long war. Germany's strategy was to defeat its opponents in a series of short campaigns. Germany quickly overran much of Europe and was victorious for more than two years by relying on a new military tactic called the "Blitzkrieg" (lightning war). Blitzkrieg tactics required the concentration of offensive weapons (such as tanks, planes, and artillery) along a narrow front. These forces would drive a breach in enemy defenses, permitting armored tank divisions to penetrate rapidly and roam freely behind enemy lines, causing shock and disorganization among the enemy defenses. German air power prevented the enemy from adequately resupplying or redeploying forces and thereby from sending reinforcements to seal breaches in the front. German forces could in turn encircle opposing troops and force surrender. Germany successfully used the Blitzkrieg tactic against Poland (attacked in September 1939), Denmar k (April 1940), Norway (April 1940), Belgium (May 1940), the Netherlands (May 1940), Luxembourg (May 1940), France (May 1940), Yugoslavia (April 1941), and Greece (April 1941). Germany did not defeat Great Britain, which was protected from German ground attack by the English Channel and the Royal Navy. Despite the continuing war with Great Britain, German forces invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941. At first, the German Blitzkrieg seemed to succeed. Soviet forces were driven back more than 600 miles to the gates of Moscow, with staggering losses. In December 1941, Hitler unilaterally declared war on the United States, which consequently added its tremendous economic and military power to the coalition arrayed against him. A second German offensive against the Soviet Union in 1942 brought German forces in the east to the shores of the Volga River and the city of Stalingrad. However, the Soviet Union launched a counteroffensive in November 1942, trapping and destroying an entire German army at Stalingrad. Germany proved u... ...Germany). Despite the birth of the United Nations, the world remained politically unstable and only slowly recovered from the incalculable physical and moral devastation wrought by the largest and most costly war in history. Soldiers and civilians both had suffered in bombings that had wiped out entire cities. Modern methods of warfare–together with the attempt of Germany to exterminate entire religious and ethnic groups (particularly the Jews)–famines, and epidemics, had brought death to tens of millions and made as many more homeless. The suffering and degradation of the war's victims were of proportions that passed the understanding of those who had been spared. The conventions of warfare had been violated on a large scale (see war crimes), and warfare itself was revolutionized by the development and use of nuclear weapons. Political consequences included the reduction of Britain and France to powers of lesser rank, the emergence of the Common Market (see European Economic Community; European Union), the independence of many former colonies in Asia and Africa, and, perhaps most important, the beginning of the cold war between the Western powers and the Communist-bloc nations.

African American Religion Essay

Before Africans were brought to America during the slave trade, they had their own culture and society. They had their own language and dance. They also had their own religion. History tells us that the Europeans justified their abuse toward the Africans as helping them become more civilized because the Africans lifestyle appeared primal to them and not as developed and industrialized as theirs. What is often overlooked is that even though Africans were taken from Africa and Americanized and have been stripped of their religion, culture, language and even their name, the very essence of the African as a people did not go away. Some African American slaves rejected Christianity’s religion because they saw it as the â€Å"white man’s religion†. History tells us American Slave Masters abused the Africans by whipping them like animals and by treating them inhumane. The fact that these slave masters wanted the African American to worship their god was unacceptable for some because they could not fathom why they should worship a god who allowed people to be so badly treated. Some Africans accepted Christianity’s religion and faith by identifying with Jesus Christ, the son of God who according to the Bible was innocent of sin and yet he was beaten, bruised and crucified for the sins of the world. Some African Americans wanted to remain faithful to their heritage yet did not agree with the conjure practices. Seth Holly’s character is a good example of conforming to the economic prosperity of America which was founded by Christians. White Christians enforced Christian beliefs, values, and some practices based on the Euro American Christian interpretation of Christian text. Seth developed a kind of hatred for his own people proving that he has adopted the practices of white America in the early 1900s. â€Å"Niggers coming up here from that old backwoods†¦ coming up here from the country carrying Bibles and guitars looking for freedom. † Seth says. â€Å"They got a rude awakening† (6). Seth signifies the African American who resents assimilation to the white American culture. But, at the same time, he too attempts to connect with his heritage by simply allowing Bynum to live in his home and bless it with his conjures rituals. Seth also participates in an African dance ritual called the Juba. Bynum’s character is introduced by practicing conjure rituals. He cuts open pigeons and spreads its blood onto him as a type of cleansing to communicate with spirits. Bynum represents the African American who chose to remain faithful to the religion of his heritage. Others who have chosen the faith of Christianity view conjure rituals as evil, witchcraft, or demonic. Some African Americans wanted to remain faithful to their heritage yet did not agree with conjure practices anymore. Loomis walks in on the juba dance and goes into a trance after dinner at the boarding house. He had a vision of skeletons emerge from a body of water. â€Å"Loomis: I done seen bones rise up out the water. Rise up and walk across the water. Bones walking on top of the water† (53). Loomis recognizes through the vision, his state of ignorance to the knowledge that will lead him to the new way of thinking. Bynum serves as a supporting character reacting to Loomis’s trance. â€Å"Bynum: They walking around here now. Mens. Just like you and me. Come right up out the water† (56). Loomis’s trance and Bynum’s interpretation of it is a turning point in the story. The skeletons coming from the bottom of the sea in Loomis’s vision represent the slave ships, the disorientation experienced by the slaves during emancipation, and the confusion of his release from Joe Turner. Both Loomis and Bynum have tapped into their ancestral religion. The difference between the two is that Bynum represents the African who never renounced his religion and Loomis is the African-American who turned from conjure religion and converted to the faith of Christianity. After Joe turner took his life away from him, Loomis questioned his Christian faith and his identity. By walking in on the ancestral ritual of the Juba dance, Loomis literally walked into what he had actually been looking for, his religion, consequently, his ancestral identity and this is why he fell into the trance. Throughout the play conjures is encompasses four generations; Bynum’s father, Bynum, Loomis, and the neighbor boy Reuben. Reuben’s vision is of Seth’s mother by the pigeon coop, she encourages Reuben to release the caged pigeons. Wilson writes in a way that leads the reader to believe that Loomis needs to find his missing wife. Martha Pentecost is not the one who was lost; Loomis was the one who was lost, wondering around from town to town, searching. Loomis came into the state of belief when Bynum helped him translate his vision. That vision represented Loomis going back to his ancestral conjure religion. Loomis needed to find Martha Pentecost simply to say good-bye to her and their life former together. Up until this point of the story, I believed that Loomis needed to find his wife so they could live out the rest of their lives as a happy free family with their daughter. However, it is made pretty obvious this was never Loomis’s intentions. â€Å"That goodbye kept me out on the road searching,† Loomis says, â€Å"now that I see your face I can say my goodbye and make my own world† (90). Martha Pentecost, a woman of Christian faith, represents the African who assimilated into white America’s culture and Loomis needed to find her to say good-bye to her and the Christian faith. Martha stands by her Christian faith by accusing Loomis â€Å"you done gone over to the devil† (91). White man’s religion believed that conjure was evil or the way of the devil. Loomis finds it easier to reject her for her Christian beliefs. â€Å"Loomis: Great big old white man†¦your Mr. Jesus Christ. Standing there with a whip in one hand and a tote board in another, them niggers swimming in a sea of cotton† (92). Loomis proves with his statement, his version of a bible story that differed from other African Americans but was similar to that of the white man who believed that they were on a level below God and the African’s were beneath them, African’s were one third of a person. Loomis now believes that if African’s are going to be free then they have to take charge of their own destiny. Martha Pentecost represents the African American’s religion, she identifies that Loomis needs to â€Å"be washed in the blood of the lamb† (92) and â€Å"you done gone over to the devil. (91) Through class lessons I learned that African American slaves compared themselves with stories in the bible to instill hope of a life free from oppression, violence, and bondage. Jesus according to the bible was innocent of sin and yet he was beaten, bruised and crucified for the sins of the world. The hope of reigning in heave with Jesus is considered the ultimate reward for suffering life’s trials and tribulations. It is the faith of the African Americans who accepted Christianity religion. Blacks trusted in the Lord instead of man. America was Egypt in the exodus story and as long as the enslaving and oppressing took place America would face the same wrath as Egypt. â€Å"Stand still and see the salvation of the Lord. † The bible was depended on in justifying and motivation rebellion for the blacks and used as a tool to keep blacks enslaved by the whites. African Americans used sermons, song, and prayer to convey and teach their message of travail and triumph of Israel. Some African Americans could not get past the treatment from the white people that called themselves Christians and as a result they rejected Christianity. Selig’s role suggests that the link between characters is the acquisition of material goods. Selig admits that his ancestors have always made their living pursuing African Americas; his great grandfather transported slaves from Africa, his father captured runaway slaves and returned them to their masters for a reward, and Selig locates displaced people for a fee. Selig attains his ecstasy through consumer capitalism, through the selling of material goods. African Americans are objects for exploitation and exchange in the new economy. He binds African Americans to the economic system, demanding payment of his services and products which necessitates subsistence labor by taking them from one construction site or work site to another, similar to a temporary employment agency today. You pay for an employee to work for some time, but Selig is getting paid by the person looking for work or a ride to a chance of freedom. Selig cannot find a person that has not purchased a dustpan from him because he keeps the names of his customers. Seth is determined to achieve material success, he has very little patience for African Americans migrating north looking for the same prosperity that he desires. Seth is very demanding of his patrons, insisting on advance payment in full, and is preoccupied with maintaining a respectable house. â€Å"It’s hard enough now without all that ignorant kind of acting. Ever since slavery got over with there ain’t been nothing but foolish-acting niggers. Word get out they need men to work in the mill and put in these roads†¦ and niggers drop everything and head north looking for freedom. †(5, 6) Seth wants to blend in with the white man’s world; therefore he keeps a link with Selig by negotiating the manufacturing and sale of dustpans. Seth does not have any idea of what it would be like to be a slave, as he was born free in the North and was educated. He demonstrates his education with his math calculation when dealing with the boarding house patrons and the quick notation of him letting Selig know that he is trying to overcharge him for the dust pan materials. Educational differences played a role in tension with Southern blacks, most of who were forbidden from learning to read, saw religion as a matter of oral tradition and immediate experience and emotion. Northerner blacks, stressed that one could not truly be Christian unless they was able to read the Bible and understand it. This play denies individual worth and identity for some of Wilson’s characters. To be defrauded of the products of one’s labor or to see that creation diminished, like with Jeremy and the guitar contest, is to be denied a reflection of individual worth and identity. If people have been separated from this truth of individual worth and identity through oppression their capacity to bond with one another, form friendships, or couples, families are undermined. Social alienation in Wilson’s characters are expressed in their stores of broken relationships, uncertainty, or suspicion that they feel toward one another. â€Å"Seth: Something ain’t setting right with that fellow, Bynum. He’s one of them mean-looking niggers look like he done killed somebody gambling over a quarter. †(20) Connection between oppression, alienation from self and inability to form bonds with others is displayed in the character of Loomis. Joe Turner’s ability to oppress Loomis carried a judgment of non-worth. â€Å"Loomis: He told me I was worthless. Worthless is something you throw away. Something you don’t bother with† (73) Turners judgment of worthlessness forced Loomis to accept the reality of the white man’s power; he was marked as â€Å"one of Joe Turners niggers and forced to forget his song. †(71) Being alienated from himself and displaced with his relation to the world, Loomis is unable to establish bonds with people around him. The oppression encountered by Wilson’s characters is material or economic, that oppression is spiritual as well in the capacity to deprive the individual of a sense of himself or his unique song. The reawakening of Loomis after his encounter with cultural wisdom is not the self discovery of an average African American but creation of a new source of cultural wisdom, a new African holy man. Wilson uses many metaphors throughout the play. The song is a metaphor for Loomis’s identity and the African American cultural identity. Music is a large part of African American identity, so it makes since that in search of one’s identity they are searching for their song. The boarding house serves as an inn for traveling folk, but the tenants actually receive a form of healing during their stay. Tenants get direction and guidance from Bertha and Bynum. The shiny man that Bynum is in search for signifies African American independence. The man that Bynum met on the road was an independent African American, just as Loomis was freed by his past when he cleansed himself in his own blood. â€Å"Bynum: Herald Loomis, you shining! You shining like new money! †(94) Loomis has dismissed that the blood of Christ can wash away his sins and make him the man he used to be, but by washing himself in his own blood he has sacrificed the old life to begin his new journey on his terms. Bynum’s shining man has been found, meaning his work is complete; he has passed his powers on to the next generation, Loomis. â€Å"They tell me Joe Turner’s come and Gone† is a song that is sung by Bynum, when I first read the story I thought that the meaning was came and now he is dead however, the second time I read the play I realized that it meant that Joe Turner has come and snatched the men and now he is now gone. August Wilson uses symbolism in the play as a very important part in conveying the meaning of the story. Wilson’s use of symbolism is demonstrated through Mr. Wilson’s use of the road, Martha Pentecost, and Herald Loomis. Symbolic importance is give to the word freedom. The word freedom has instilled hope into the lives of African Americans: during slavery, hope for the release from bondage; after emancipation, the right to be educated, employed, and to move about freely; twentieth century, social, political, and economic justice. Freedom has always stood for the absence of any restraint, because God made all men from his image. There are a number of characters that travel around searching for their place in the world. Mattie, mentions that she keeps on looking, seems like she just keeps starting over, I ain’t never found no place for me to fit. † (76) Reuben tells Zonia, when he finds out that she is leaving the boarding house in search of her mom, â€Å"when I get grown, I come looking for you. †(84) Jeremy does not seem to care much when he loses his job because, â€Å"don’t make me no difference. There’s a big road out there, I can always get my guitar and find me a place to stay. I ain’t planning on staying in one place for too long noway. † (64) Martha & Reverend Tolliver moved the Church up north because of the trouble the church was having. When the Civil War finally brought freedom to previously enslaved African Americans, the task of organizing religious communities was only one element of the larger need to create new lives, to reunite families, to find jobs, and to figure out what it would mean to live in the United States as citizens rather than property. August Wilson’s play, Joe Turner’s come and Gone, examines African Americans search for their cultural identity following slavery. Bibliography Murphy, L. G. (2000). Down By the Riverside. New York: New Yourk University Press. Wilson, A. (1988). Joe Turner’ Come and Gone. New York: Penguin Group.

Christian Perspective on Physician-Assisted Suicide Essay

Throughout our lifetimes, we are faced with questions that sometimes seem impossible to answer. Everyone is guided by something (or someone) when It comes to making choices both big and small. When it comes to issues of a moral nature, â€Å"three-quarters of all Americans claim their religious beliefs are the primary Influence on how they find guidance In their lives. † (O’Mathuna and Amundsen, 1998) What is the Christian perspective on physician-assisted suicide (PAS)? While the topic certainly inspires debate, conclusions can be reached using examples from the Bible, cripture verses regarding life and death, and denominational statements. There are seven recorded accounts of people in the Bible choosing to end their own lives. (Because the Bible does not speak specifically of PAS, insights will be drawn using examples of suicide. According to the Bible, killing Is killing; no matter who commits the act for what reason. ) Abimilech, Samson, Ahithophel, King Zimri, King Saul, Saul’s armor bearer, and Judas Iscariot. While there is no specific command in the Bible condemning the choice to end one’s own life, the depictions of the aforementioned characters are not those of a positive nature. Abimelech seizes power in his lifetime by conspiracy and murder of 70 of his own half-brothers. He is not chosen or appointed by God. After being mortally wounded by having a woman drop a stone on his head, he asks that his armor bearer run him through with his sword so that no one can say he was killed by a woman. The passage states that his death repaid the wickedness he had done to his father by murdering his brothers (Judges 9:50-57, New International Version). Samson is gifted by God with amazing strength. However, he ignores God’s commandments and lives a life tainted with trickery and sexual Immorality. He dies after being held prisoner by his enemies when he tears down a temple to which he has been tied. It collapses killing Samson and everyone else inside Oudges 17:29-30, NIV). Saul becomes the first king of Israel after being warned by God that Israel’s desire for a human king Is a rejection of the kingship of God. Saul; eventually becomes alienated from God, his family, and his people. His jealousy leads him to attempt murder on more than one occasion. Saul becomes wounded during battle and has no one to turn to for help and refuses to seek Cod. He asks his armor earer to help him die, and after he refuses (and then immediately takes his own life), Saul chooses to fall on his own sword (1 Samuel 31:1-6, NIV). Oftentimes in the New Testament, self-destructive behavior (suicide) Is associated with demon possession. Though the suicide of Judas Iscariot in the New Testament is recorded without comment, Judas was called a traitor, a devil, a thief, and a son of perdition. Judas betrayed Jesus. claiming he never knew him. The weight of his guilt lead him to hang himself. â€Å"A similar analysis of all the other suicide accounts reveals a consistent pattern. Nowhere is suicide praised or commended. In fact, the lack of explicit comment on the suicides could Just as easily be viewed as a negative evaluation. † (O’Mathuna and Amundsen, 1998) There is one last mention of suicide in the New Testament, yet its conclusion is full of hope and life. Two characters, Paul night, Paul and Silas were praying and singing to God in the midst of their suffering. A violent earthquake shook the foundation of the prison, opened all the cell doors, and loosened all of the chains of the prisoners. The Jailer was awakened and for fear of being killed once prisoners escaped, he drew his sword to kill himself. But Paul shouted and insisted that he not harm himself because no one had escaped. Paul and Silas then spoke with the Jailer about God’s love and salvation. The Jailer was filled with Joy because he had come to believe in God (Acts 16:24-34, NIV). Christians believe that the Bible is the spoken word of God through his people. They believe that the Journey of Jesus Christ from birth to death on a cross demonstrates how they are called to live even in the midst of pain and suffering.

History of Benjamin Banneker High School Essays - Free Essays

History of Benjamin Banneker High School Essays - Free Essays Howard University College of Dentistry Dental Hygiene Department School Based Program Benjamin Banneker Academic High School Nicole Johnson 82409-406-01/Dental Health Education Methods Professor Dawn Smith 09/06/2015 School Based Program History of Benjamin Banneker High School Originally, Benjamin Banneker, in August 1981, opened its doors as an alternative public institution of secondary education. Named after the districts renowned surveyor on the six-man team, which helped design, the blueprints for Washington, DC. President Washington appointed Banneker, making him the first Black presidential appointee in the United States. Banneker provided aid in selecting the sites for the U.S. Capitol building, the U.S. Treasury building, the White House and other Federal buildings. Banneker is ranked number 2 with the districts public school system. The school is designed to provide students with a highly structured college preparatory program. The curriculum of the school affords opportunities for developing knowledge, skills needed for success in post-secondary experiences. Population and Demographics The primary purpose of Benjamin Banneker Academic High School is to serve those students of the District of Columbia who desire a highly structured four-year academic program of study beginning at the ninth grade level. The demographics of Benjamin Banneker are diverse in nature; a large percentage of the student population is labeled as black with a total number of students estimated at 450. 9th Grade10th Grade11th Grade12th Grade 1428897103 Student Selection The selection of each students focuses on factors such as; total record of academic achievement; grade level achievement reflected by standardized test scores; strong recommendations from the principal and supporting teachers and staff; and a student and parent interview. Experiences gained through this enrollment process will allow students to participate in a rigorous college preparatory curriculum. Once the selection committee has proposed a list of accepted students, the students must undergo placement testing. They must also attend the Benjamin Banneker Summer Institute prior to entering the academic school year. Curriculum The Benjamin Banneker Academic High School is one of the District's International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Program sites and offers Pre-IB, Advanced Placement (AP) and its own summer institute as additional rigorous academic options. Students are supported by a variety of character building extracurricular activities. The intended curriculum is a college preparatory program, which includes the Advanced Placement (AP) and honors courses, that require twenty-six (26) Carnegie units for graduation and the International Baccalaureate Program (IB) requires twenty-eight and a half (28.5). Each student is also required to complete a minimum of 270 hours of volunteer service over a four-year period. In addition to high-level coursework in the core subject areas, the curriculum includes a unique philosophy course called Theory of Knowledge, a research project called the Extended Essay, and requirements in the areas of creativity, action and service. Health Care Curriculum The office of the State Superintendent of Education (OOSE) has mandated that each school have a health profile form that states the details of their wellness and fitness program. Banneker has one full time nurse, part time mental health clinician, as well as a full time qualified health teacher, who also serves as the physical education teacher. All, approx.450 students are required to complete the health education course at the school. According to the OOSE the following curriculum is offered as part of the required high school health education program: 1.Health Promotion and Disease Prevention - where the students comprehend concepts related to health promotion and disease prevention. 2.Access to and Evaluation of Health Information where the students demonstrate the ability to access and evaluate health information, products, and services. 3.Self-Management Skills where the students demonstrate the ability to apply self-management skills to enhance personal health and safety. 4.Analyzing Influences where the students demonstrate the ability to analyze the influence of family, culture, media, and technology on health and health behaviors. 5.Interpersonal Communication where the students demonstrate the ability to utilize interpersonal communication skills to enhance and protect health. 6.Decision-Making and Goal Setting where students demonstrate the ability to implement decision-making and goal-setting skills to enhance health. Also apart of their Wellness and Fitness program is the incorporation of the Brainfood program. Brainfood builds life skills and promotes healthy living to provide high school aged youth the opportunity to learn about cooking, nutrition, and community service. Brainfood encourages the youth to take healthy risks, learn new skills,

16 Substitutes for Because or Because Of

16 Substitutes for Because or Because Of 16 Substitutes for â€Å"Because† or â€Å"Because Of† 16 Substitutes for â€Å"Because† or â€Å"Because Of† By Mark Nichol Many words or phrases can be used to set up an explanation. The most common is because (or â€Å"because of†), but others have their uses. Here are alternatives and a discussion of their uses and their merits. 1. As: As is a direct synonym for because (for example, â€Å"He opted not to go see the movie, as it had gotten poor reviews†), but it’s inferior. 2. As a result of: This phrase is a substitute for â€Å"because of,† not because, as in â€Å"As a result of his intervention, the case was reopened and they were ultimately exonerated.† 3. As long as: This informal equivalent of because is used to express the thought that given that one thing is occurring or will occur or is true, another is possible, in such statements as â€Å"As long as you’re going, could you pick some things up for me?† 4. Being as (or being as how or being that): This phrase has the same sense and the same formality as â€Å"as long as.† 5. Considering that: This phrase is essentially identical in meaning to â€Å"as long as† and â€Å"being as† and its variants. 6. Due to: Like â€Å"as a result of,† â€Å"due to† is a preposition, rather than a conjunction like because, and is used in place not of because alone but instead of â€Å"because of.† It applies specifically to an explanation of why something occurred or will or will not occur, as in â€Å"Due to the large number of applications, we cannot respond individually to each applicant.† 7. For: This substitute for because is reserved for poetic usage, as in â€Å"Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die.† 8. Inasmuch as: This phrase is a very formal equivalent of because, as in â€Å"Inasmuch as his account has been discredited, I wouldn’t believe anything else he says.† 9. In view of the fact that: This phrase is identical in sense to â€Å"inasmuch as.† 10. Now that: This phrase informally connotes cause and effect, as in â€Å"Now that you’re here, we can proceed.† 11. Out of: This phrase applies to explanations of emotion or feeling for example, â€Å"She asked out of compassion† or â€Å"Out of spite, I refrained from passing the message along.† 12. Owing to: This phrase is equivalent to â€Å"due to†; the two choices are more formal than â€Å"because of.† 13. Seeing that: This phrase is identical to â€Å"considering that.† 14. Since: This alternative to because is informal and is considered inferior because since primarily refers to elapsed time and the usage might be confused, as in â€Å"Since it had rained, we didn’t need to water the garden†; the reader might not realize until reading the second half of the sentence that the sense is causal rather than temporal. 15. Thanks to: This equivalent of â€Å"because of,† despite the wording, can apply to either a positive or a negative outcome; â€Å"Thanks to your meddling, we’re receiving much unwanted attention† demonstrates the latter sense. 16. Through: Through is a preposition; it takes the place of â€Å"because of,† as in â€Å"Through the efforts of these charities, the city’s homeless services have been reinstated.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Format a UK Business LetterExpanded and Extended6 Foreign Expressions You Should Know

Why South Europe would disagree or agree with Turkey joining the EU Essay

Why South Europe would disagree or agree with Turkey joining the EU - Essay Example Italian consolidation is considered relatively slow and it is not yet clear when the state became firmly democratic (McLaren 10). Spain’s consolidation is much clearer and its transition process began after the Franco’s death in 1975. Within a span of three years it had ratified a democratic constitution and held a democratic election (McLaren 11). All the three countries have large populations and land mass and this raises the potential difficulty in the governance and consolidation unlike the smaller Southern European nations such as Greece and Portugal. Both Spain and Turkey have faced threats of regional separatism as they are forced to tighten their security against the separatist movements. Their own armed forces are potential risks towards the stability of these countries. Although this is the case, Italy and Spain have been capable of consolidating their democracies while Turkey has failed (McLaren 16). The following factors explain the differences in these three countries; the level of stateness problems during the early transition periods and how the regimes handled those problems, economic crisis and economic development during the time of transition, methods used to design the new rules for the regime, military professionalism, and the external factors influence on the consolidation of democracy (McLaren 16). I will disagree with Turkey joining the European Union because of a number of factors. Looking at the background of Turkey and other members of the sub region, it is very clear that Turkey has failed in its democracy and the others have thrived well despite all of them starting at the same point. The per capita GDP of Turkey indicates that the country is faced with poverty and this may raise fears among the members of the European Union in terms of the increased immigration and workers from Turkey taking over their jobs (Emerson and

Close examination using market segmentation vo 1 Essay

Close examination using market segmentation vo 1 - Essay Example It thus allows ease of obtaining accurate information regarding library collections. Futterman (2008) notes that market segmentation is used to identify the library’s customers with regard to their characteristics. In this case, market segmentation refers to the grouping of potential customers into different segments based on common characteristics such as gender, age, income, geography or other attributes that relate to buying or consumption behavior. Futterman (2008) notes that the libraries mostly serve market segment of customers who are underserved. Most of these customers exhibit the following characteristics: firstly, they stay closer to the library, earn modest income, composed of diverse range of household types, life stages and age (Futterman, 2008). These include Green Acres (blue-collar baby boomers who earn middle income), Hometown (those within the house), Rustbelt Traditions, Exurbanites (with median home value of $235,000 and household income of over $80,000), Comfortable (settled married couples without children or adult children), Midlife Ju nction and Cozy. This segment is mainly composed of high patron penetration as was discovered by TSCPL library. The other market of the library is that composed of young people and those detained in juvenile. With the current advancement in technology and globalization, a number of potential competitive forces affect viability of libraries. For instance, consumerization of online information retrieval technology is seen as a major competitive force for libraries. This is because nowadays people can afford internet services at their doorsteps. This can be accessed via mobile phones, laptops, ipads, ipods and the like (Futterman, 2008). In cultural context, Futterman (2008) argue that the library should be able to provide services to diverse cultures in the

Proposal for Aquisition of LifeCell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Proposal for Aquisition of LifeCell - Essay Example LifeCell Corporation deals in developing, processing, as well as marketing of tissue-based products which are used in reconstructive, urogynecologic and orthopedic surgical processes to restore soft tissue defect in America and worldwide. LifeCell's reconstructive products consist of AlloDerm used for plastic reconstruction, all-purpose surgical, burn up, and periodontal processes; in addition to Strattice, a porcine dermis which eliminates cells and lessens a constituent in the xenogeneic rejection reaction. LifeCell's orthopedic tissue restore products include GraftJacket for restoring damaged or insufficient integumental tissue in orthopedic surgical procedures. The company was incorporated in 1992 in the State of Delaware. (LifeCell Company, 2007) The company has a research and a development team which has ongoing research programs to develop new products required in the clinical applications and surgical applications to enlarge the company's product mix in the highly fast growing bio-surgery industry. (LifeCell Company, 2007) Sof... 2. GraftJacket; for orthopedic uses and lower end wounds 3. AlloCraft DBM; used for bone grafting processes 4. Repliform; used for urogynecologic surgical processes 5. Strattic; for specific plastic reconstruction and all-purpose surgical Processes The company has a research and a development team which has ongoing research programs to develop new products required in the clinical applications and surgical applications to enlarge the company's product mix in the highly fast growing bio-surgery industry. (LifeCell Company, 2007) Industry overview Soft tissue, for example dermis, blood vessels, nerve connective tissue and heart valve encloses an intricate, three-dimensional makeup which consists of manifold forms of elastin, proteoglycans, collagen several proteins as well as vessels (tissue matrix). As component of the human body's normal remodeling procedure, cells In a tissue constantly degrade during this process it replaces the tissue matrix. Nonetheless in the occasion of a large port of tissue matrix is lost or destroyed as a result of surgery or trauma, the human body cannot be able to regenerate that destroyed part this results in scar development. In such a case, surgeons encounter several treatment alternatives for repairing physiology and structure function, the alternatives includes using implants materials from the patient's body parts ("autograft") or created allograft tissue or using synthetic products. The company believes that the best alternative is the use of allograft or xenograft from the company which do not cause tissues matrices to undergo any damages. (Covell, 2006): Industry and market data Table 2, below, has estimated market information of the company's main products in the USA market. The

My Skills and Talents Essay Example for Free

My Skills and Talents Essay Listening to advice from others will play an important part as it helps to get an outside point of view. It could save me from making decisions which may not be in the best interest of my business, as well as allowing me to use the advice I have been given to improve on any problems I may have or ways to bring more customers. If I were to stick to my own ideas all the time then and follow them through I could end up with a big loss if something goes wrong. Being persuasive is important in a business as it would allow me to convince people so buy/sell certain things. I may feel I am paying too much for my stock in that case I can try and convince my supplier to give me a better deal possibly allowing me to buy more. Being persuasive my also help if there is any completion and I can try and find out what their business plan is and then find a way to attract more customers then them. One way to go about this is to be friendly and to just really try and get the information you are looking for or convince people to give me what I am looking for. I need to be pretty ill before I take time off. No This can be positive or negative, if I am not feeling very well I can not work as hard as I normally would or I could cause further problems for my self if the illness does not go away. On the other hand taking time off work every time I feel a bit sick will end up causing a larger work load for my return and a loss of sales for that day. I must make sure to only take time off work when it is 100% necessary so as to avoid increasing my work load for the day in which I return back to work. I will be looking at all of my skills and talents which I could use to affect my business. This will allow me to see the problems and advantages each of them will cause to my future business, after this I will then look at situations in which they can be used to aid me with my business and for solutions for the problems that they may cause. This skill can aid me with my business as you learn to get along with others and how to work as a team, as playing doubles requires very good communication in this particular sport. This can aid me in my business as I know how to work with others and communicate with them, it will allow me to hopefully get alone with my employees and communicate with them, it also allows for a company team for example which would help build a bond between me and my employees. On the other side it could have negative affects on me and my business because I may spend too much time focused on playing or arrange to go play a game when I should be concentrating on work that I have to do, as a result it may lead to work being done late or not up to a certain standard. It may also cause me to be tired when going into work if I went to play a game late in the night so during that day I wont be as focused as normal and it will cause my work to suffer. To avoid these problems I should always make sure that my work is done before I decide to make time recreational activates and to make sure I get to sleep at a certain time everyday so as to avoid being tired during work. Good knowledge of Microsoft Office programs. This an important skill as it is needed to run a business, knowing how to use programs such and word, excel, PowerPoint are needed to make presentations send letters and crate accounts. I can also teach my employees how to use these programs so I can delegate work onto them if I feel I have too much work to do. The negative side to this is that if I teach another of my employees these skills and them leave them with work that needs to be done they may run into difficulties thus resulting in work not being done properly or being done late, it also takes a lot of time to teach someone full use of these programs time of which I may not have enough of. To make sure I do not come across these problems I should make sure I only give my employees work which I know they can get done in time and properly, and I should also make sure I have time to teach them how to do new things with these programs as sometimes it may just be faster if I just do it myself and delegate something know they can do upon them as this will give them a sense of responsibility and possibly motivate them to learn other skills on their own. I like to keep up to date with new technology. This is an advantage as knowing the new technology out there is important for the business to survive, as most of them time it allows the business to achieve greater economies of scale and become more efficient. They also may be able to carry out certain tasks which in turn will allow me to save money by replacing employees whose jobs these new machines take over. The down side there is the risk of these now technologies do not work out as expected or there are problems with them which cannot be solved easily thus resulting in a large loss for my business. To make sure these problems occur I can look into new machinery to make sure no problems can occur that could lead to problems for me and my business. I enjoy talking and meeting with new people. These very important as I will have to handle customers, it will also help me communicating with my employees old and new as this is needed to get work done and can help with getting new idea for my business which could allow me to improve. The downside is some people may find I come across to strong and this may push them away or not want to speak at all. To avoid this I must make sure that I know when someone is willing to be willing to speak and when they rather be left to themselves and not be bothered by others.

Latinos, Politics, and American Cinema Essay -- Movies Films

Latinos, Politics, and American Cinema Feature films in the United States influence American viewers' attitudes on a wide variety of topics. Americans attitudes toward politics are shaped by films, and specifically the politics of racial interaction. The history of modern feature films begins with Birth of a Nation (1915), a film that misrepresents the Black race by justifying the existence and role of the Ku Klux Klan in American society. From this racist precedent, producers and directors understood that visual messages, however latent, were a useful means of communicating a political message to a large audience. After this epiphany, a myriad of films were made for different political causes. Most films had multiple messages, and among them were conservative themes against the Hispanic race. A prime example of a filmmaker who had numerous ideas as to the problems and solutions of race issues in America was Orson Welles. His Touch of Evil (1958) represents many other films in that epoch that had different presentations of race issues. The film utilizes imagery that provokes viewers' ideas of race politics; viewers' attitudes are challenged in many scenes. The reason for this political and racial wavering spawns from the fact that Welles' race politics were not clearly defined. In fact other films, similar to the contradictory nature of Touch of Evil, presented multiple themes precisely because the filmmakers' racial attitudes were blurred. The clearly distinguishable dichotomies of racism were not present, giving way to shades of gray. Richard Stam argues that the study of racial issues in film has been bombarded by critics who reject certain films on the basis of misrepresentation. That is to say that stereotypes, sh... ...omplish political goals. The liberal politics of Latino cinema endure to this day, in the land of Aztlan and throughout the United States. Carringer, Robert L.1976. "Rosebud, Dead or Alive: Narrative and Symbiolic Structure in Citizen Kane," PMLA 91, no.2. Fregoso, Rosa Linda. "Chicana Film Practices: Confronting the 'Many-Headed Demon of Oppression.'" New York, NY: University of Minnesota Press. Gutierrez-Jones, Carl. "Legislating Languages:The Ballad of Gregorio Cortez and the English Language Amendment." New York, NY: University of Minnesota Press. Limon, Jose E. 1973. "Stereotyping and Chicano Resistance An Historical Dimension." New York, NY: University of Minnesota Press. Shohat, Ella. Year. "Ethnicities-in-Relation: Toward a Multicultural Reading of American Cinema." City, State: Publisher. Stam,Richard. Year.Unspeakable Images. City, State: Publisher.

Architecture

From Wisped, the free encyclopedia Magna temple M ¤rue-Guajarati Architecture (Registrant architecture) originated somewhere in sixth century in and around areas of Restaurants. Contents [hide] 1 Etymology 2 Development 3 Images 4 References 5 External links [edit]Etymology The name Mark Guajarati has its genesis in the fact that during ancient times, Restaurants and Gujarat had similarities in ethnic, cultural and political aspects of the society.Ancient name of Restaurants was Marauders while Gujarat was called Guru]rattrap. â€Å"Mark Guajarati art† literally meaner â€Å"art of Restaurants and Gujarat†. [1] [edit]Development Carved elephants on the walls of Aguish Temple that was built by Maharani Gate Sings 1st in 1651 A. D M ¤rue-Guajarati Architecture show the deep understanding of structures and refined skills of Restaurants' craftsmen of bygone era. M ¤rue-Guajarati Architecture has two prominent styles Amah-Mark and Mark-Guajarati. According to M. A.Dach a, Amah-Mark style developed primarily marquees, Spacewalks, Surcease and parts of Parallel whereas Mark- Guajarati originated in Metadata, Guarantees-Arvada, Guarantees-Ankara and some areas of Gujarat. [2] Scholars such as George Michelle, M. A. Dacha, Michael W. Mister and U. S. Import believe that M ¤rue-Guajarati Temple Architecture is entirely Western Indian architecture and is quite different from the North Indian Temple architecture. [3] There is a connecting link between M ¤rue-Guajarati Architecture and Hassle Temple Architecture.In both of these styles architecture is treated sculpturally. [4] Styles of Registrant architecture include: Charka Cathartic Have Stilwell (bail or bawd') Jihad Jail Char Bag or Charge Architecture in Restaurants represents many different types of buildings, which may broadly be classed either as secular or religious. The secular buildings are of various scales. They include towns, villages, wells, gardens, houses, and palaces. All these kind s of buildings were meant for public and civic purposes.The forts are also included in secular buildings, though they were also used for defense and military purposes. The typology of the buildings of religious nature consists of three different kinds: temples, mosques, and tombs. The typology of the buildings of secular nature is more varied. [edit]almagest Interior shows stone work Disarm temple Gain temple at Ranker Magna Temple Deep Sonata Temple Detailed Stone work, Karri Mat Temple, Bikers Restaurants Marble stone work, Jailers Gain Temple,Restaurants The Maid Banyan Palace is one of the largest royal palaces in the world. Architecture Eye Reflecting the Interior of the Theatre of Beacons Drawing Eluded, Claude- Nicolas, 1736-1806 â€Å"Between the carpenter's weight strings and marking lines [is something] close to government and enlightenment. Lie Huh, 715-766 Handmaiden if (Rhapsody on the Enfolding-vitality Hall) Ideas and Approaches in Design presents an introductory survey of the concepts and issues involved in the architectural design process. The course material presents actual projects and theoretical propositions from architectural history as exemplar responses and/or alternatives to the distinct challenges entailed in designing an architectural project. Moreover, the historic examples and ideas are presented as illustrative of the broader ideas associated with particular design movements or trends.By presenting the design process as a broad historical and intellectual endeavor; and as more than a mechanical exercise, Ideas and Approaches in Design seeks to impart the designer with a basic knowledge of a nd understanding of architectural history and theory; a basic knowledge of and understanding of architectural terminology; and basic understanding of and appreciation of the architectural design process. Department of Architecture School of Design and Environment National University of Singapore ARREAR – Module Handbook semester .Each lecture session is conducted by either one of the module tutors. All students are required to attend each session and read each session's corresponding readings. All students are required to submit a written responses the sessions' assigned readings. Tutorial The lectures are supplemented by one hour (1 hour) tutorial sessions. The tutorials are conducted under the supervision of Teaching Assistants from the Department of Architecture. The tutorials sessions are the forum to review and address any questions about the lecture session. Attendance Attendance at all lecture and tutorial sessions is compulsory to receive a full assessment.Students who arrive tardy to any lecture or tutorial session by ten (10) minutes will be considered absent. In the event a student is unable to attend a session due to illness, documentary proof of the illness is required be submitted to the Tutor upon the student's return. Absences due to reasons other than medical also require documentary proof a nd will be reviewed on a case by case basis. Students are permitted one (1) unexcused absence per term. Sketchbook – 10% Students are required to maintain a sketchbook documenting all lecture sessions particularly noting key concepts or words and their meanings.The sketchbooks are also to contain the students' ketches of exemplary buildings or objects presented during the (count. ) Oral Presentation – 10% Students are required to prepare a ten (10) minute verbal presentation corresponding to one of the twelve (12) lecture session topics. The presentation material may build upon, challenge, or provide an alternative to the subject material presented during a lecture session.No more than two (2) students may present on the topic of a given week. Reading Responses – 30% Students are required to submit reading responses to five (5) of the twelve (12) session's corresponding readings. The written responses summarize and critique the key arguments presented by the aut hor(s). The responses are to be a minimum of one (1) page in length (approximately 300-500 words). Reading responses are due exactly one (1) week after the session to which the readings correspond. Please note, no late submissions will be accepted. Final Project – 50% Students are required to complete a final project. Architecture Drafting is the drawing up of blueprints for architectural structures, and mechanical engineering tools and objects. There are two sides to drafting, the mechanical side and the architectural side. It's a great career that is fun, and easy to do. Architectural drafting has to deal with drawing up the blueprints for homes, schools, churches, and any other architectural structure you can think of. It's very easy to come up with these blueprints. You can either draw them by hand or use drafting software such as CAD. If you draw them by hand you need to know how your fractions so you can convert the drawing down in scale size.If you use the software the computer does all the work, you Just have to know which tools to use to create the drawing. Architectural drafters draw the blueprints for all the buildings you see in the community. Mechanical drafting has to deal with drawing up blueprints for engineering tools and machines. You can use software called Inventor to draw up these blueprin ts. As you draw the drawings in Inventor you can view them in AD to see how it will actually look. Mechanical drafters draw up the blueprints for the parts for vehicles, airplanes, and even space shuttles. Drafting is a great career to have once you get older.There are many places you can work as a drafter such as the Arsenal and NASA, if you go into mechanical drafting. Most architectural drafters have there own drafting companies and businesses. You don't have to go to college for a really long time to have a career in drafting. A maximum of five years and many colleges offer drafting courses. Some high schools who have a technical career center school offer drafting as a class also. If you take three years of drafting in high school you only take two years of drafting in college, or however many years you take in high school you take the difference in college to get all five years.